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| Thank you Fabienne for the Postcards that you sent : |
Brief Description
The two Prehistoric Rock Art Sites in the Côa Valley (Portugal) and Siega Verde (Spain) are located on the banks of the rivers Agueda and Côa, tributaries of the river Douro, documenting continuous human occupation from the end of the Paleolithic Age. Hundreds of panels with thousands of animal figures (5,000 in Foz Côa and around 440 in Siega Verde) were carved over several millennia, representing the most remarkable open-air ensemble of Paleolithic art on the Iberian Peninsula.
Côa Valley and Siega Verde provide the best illustration of the iconographic themes and organization of Paleolithic rock art, using the same modes of expression in caves and in the open air, thus contributing to a greater understanding of this artistic phenomenon. Together they form a unique site of the prehistoric era, rich in material evidence of Upper Paleolithic occupation.
Côa Valley and Siega Verde provide the best illustration of the iconographic themes and organization of Paleolithic rock art, using the same modes of expression in caves and in the open air, thus contributing to a greater understanding of this artistic phenomenon. Together they form a unique site of the prehistoric era, rich in material evidence of Upper Paleolithic occupation.
Source: http://whc.unesco.org
| Fecha de Emisión | 15/01/2013 |
|---|---|
| Estampación | Offset |
| Papel | Estucado, engomado, fosforescente |
| Dentado | 13 3/4 |
| Tamaño del sello | 40,9 x 28,8 mm. (horizontal) |
| Valor facial de los sellos | 0,52 € |
| Efectos en pliego | 50 |
| Tirada | 300.000 |
On occasion of the V Anniversary of the Laws of Burgos, a stamp is issued featuring an image of Christopher Columbus, discoverer of America, a paragraph of the regulations and a map of the American continent to which the rules were enforced.
After the conquest of the New World in 1492 and in spite of the acknowledgement of Indians as free men, they continued to suffer abuse and ill-treatment. Dominican friar Antón de Montesinos publicly denounced these acts causing King Ferdinand to summon the most important jurists and theologians of the time to address this issue.
In 1512 various meetings were held in Burgos chaired by Bishop Juan Rodríguez de Fonseca which resulted in the Ordenanzas Reales para el buen regimiento y tratamiento de los indios (royal ordinances for the proper government and treatment of the Indians) known also as the Laws of Burgos promulgated on December 27 1512. They were the first codified set of laws governing the behaviour of Spaniards in the Americas, particularly with regards to the indigenous people.
The Laws of Burgos consist of 35 laws regulating the rights and living conditions of the Indians and their relationship with the colonizers. The first law regarded Indians as free men and as such they should be treated. The second one obliged them to be instructed in the Catholic faith with the Crown making the necessary provisions. Another of the laws established the obligation for Indians to work without their labour interfering with their religious education. The laws addressed important issues such as endurable work conditions and sufficient hours of rest, a right to their own home and property as well as time for its cultivation. They were made to have contact and communication with the Spaniards and received a fair wage for their work, if not in money, in dress or useful gadgets for the home.
The Laws of Burgos were considered to have laid the groundwork for the creation of a new society and were forerunners, in some respects, to the further development of international law and the recognition of Human Rights.
Source: http://www.correos.es
| Issue date | 8/01/2013 |
|---|---|
| Stamping | Offset |
| Paper | estucado, engomado fosforescente |
| Perforated | 13 3/4 |
| Size of the Stamps | 28,8 x 40,9 mm. ( vertical) |
| Face value of the stamps | 0,52 € |
| Fold effects | 50 |
| Editiona | Tirada: 300.000 |
This stamp is dedicated to the recognition of the 1513-2013 boundary stones (Mugas) recalling the treaty of neighbourhood, friendship, mutual aid, protection and use of pastures, paths and water between the pyrenean valleys of Aragon and France.
The stones indicate the boundary lines between Spain and France along the high valleys of the Pyrenees. In medieval times, in order to maintain a geographic, economic and commercial unity between the mountain dwellers, agreements were reached enabling inhabitants from each side of the border to move freely from one country to another with their cattle to graze, collect wood and supplies. To ensure the protection of people and animal hospitals or shelters were set up in the mountains.
In this context the Treaty of Port Astún, was signed in 1131 under the reign of Alfonso I of Aragon. This monarch granted the use of the border pastures of Candanchú, La Raqueta and Espelungué to the monks of the Hospital of Saint Cristina. The relationship between the two pyrenean areas was generally a good one until two centuries later King Martin the Humane forbade the French the use of land and pasture in retaliation for their support to the Count of Foix in his quarrels against the king of Aragon.
In the 16th century and under the reign of Ferdinand the Catholic King, the treaty with the neighbouring shepherds was restored. In 1513, the king granted the city of Jaca the property and rule over Astún and a new agreement was reached bringing concord between the two borders, whereby Jaca undertook the obligation to grant a hundred wages annually to its neighbours.
To ratify the recognition of the boundary stones in the Treaty of Port Astún, the City of Jaca and the councils of the French towns of the Aspe Valley: Urdós, Séte-Eygun and Etsaut celebrate every year a day of getting together and recognition of the border stones signing the minutes later transmitted to their respective governments.
The stamp features an interpretation of the recognition of the boundary stones with the clasped hands of the four aldermen as a sign of their close relationship and good neighbourhood.
Source: http://www.correos.es
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